Finance for Development
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International
Agreements
World Summit on Social Development, Copenhagen
1995
Commitment
9 from the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development
B.
Principles and Goals
C: Commitments
(esp 4(n), 7(b))
Programme of Action of
the World Summit for Social Development
Chapter I: Enabling Environment
Actions A: A
favourable national and international economic environment
Chapter V: Implementation
and Follow-up; especially C: Mobilisation of financial resources
Commission on Social Development (CsocDev)
1996
Main Issue: Poverty
Chapter III:
Substantive theme. Strategies and action for eradication of poverty
1997:
Chapter
II
Paragraph 62,63: Resource mobilisation,
indicators
Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development, Earth Summit 1992:
Principle
12: Cooperation between states to promote economic growth
Agenda 21:
Section IV, Ch 33: Financial Resources and Mechanisms
The Forest Principles:
Para7(a,b) Financial Resources
Par
10 Financial Resources to developing countries
Human Rights Review:
Chapter
IV, Par 29: Right to economic growth and development
International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD), Cairo 1994:
Chapter
1: Preamble: establishes interrelationship between economic growth,
development and poverty
Chapter
3B, 3.22: Financial resources for economic growth
Chapter
13: National Action
A. National policies and
plans of action
B. Programme management and human resource development
C. Resource mobilization and allocation
Chapter
14: International Co-operation
Responsibilities of
partners in development
Towards a new commitment to funding population and
development
4th World Conference on Women, Beijing
1995:
Chapter
VI: Financial Arrangements
C:
International level
Beijing Declaration
Financial resources for economic growth
Paragraph
36,37,38
Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
Habitat Agenda
Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements
Chapter
II: Goals and Principles
Paragraph 35
Chapter III: Commitments
E:
Financing shelter and human settlements
F:
International Cooperation
Chapter IV: Global Plan of Action
C: Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing
world
9:
Improving Urban Economics
D. Capacity-building and
institutional development
6.
Domestic financial resources and economic instruments
E. International cooperation
and coordination
2.
An enabling international context
3.
Financial resources and economic instruments
UN Commissions
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)
1993
Chapter
I F: Initial financial commitments, financial flows and arrangements to give
effect to the decisions of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development from all available funding sources and mechanisms
Chapter
VIII: Initial financial commitments
1994
Main Issue: Implementation of Agenda 21
Chapter
I B: Financial resources and mechanisms
Chapter
I F: Other matters: 217 (a), 219
1995:
Main Issue: Implementation of Agenda 21, focusing on cross-sectoral components
Chapter
I B: Financial resources and mechanisms
1996
Main Issue: Global Programme of Action
for Protection of Marine Environment from Land based
activities
Chapter
I 5(a)(b)(c)
Chapter I C, Decision
4/14: Financial resources and mechanisms
1998
Chapter I B, Decision
6/2: Industry and sustainable development
(esp A: Industry and economic development)
Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
1992
Resolution
36/6: Women and the Environment
Paragraph 4 (additional financial resources)
Chapter
III
Paragraph 119 (4): Monitoring the
Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of
Women
1997
Agreed
conclusion 1997/3 Women and the economy
Paragraph 3: Mainstreaming a gender perspective in policies and programmes
Commission on Population and Development
1994
Chapter IV A: Activities of UN
Population Fund
Chapter IV B: Monitoring of multilateral population assistance
1998
Report of Secretary General: Flows
of financial resources for population activities (pdf format)
1999
Report of Secretary General: The
flow of financial resources for assisting in the implementation
of the Programme for Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (pdf format)
UN Conventions
CEDAW
- Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women
The Convention Document (Article 11,13,14: Women + economy)
UN
Agencies & Intergovernmental Bodies reports
UNDP
Human Development Report 1991
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http://www.undp.org/hdro/91.htm
FINANCING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The lack of political commitment, not of
financial resources, is often the real cause of human neglect. This is the
main conclusion of Human Development Report 1991- the second in a series
of annual reports on the subject. The Report points to an enormous
potential for restructuring of both national budgets and international aid
allocations in favour of human development. But the plea for greater
allocative efficiency and more effective spending does not mean
indifference to the need for economic growth, or for increased resource
mobilisation. On the contrary. The Report's position is that a more
efficient and effective public sector will help strengthen the private
role in human development. And the best argument for additional resources
is that the existing funds are well spent.
Human Development Report 1991 lays the
foundations for a fresh set of priorities. It explains how they can be
chosen, how they can be assessed-and why we can afford to pay for them.
Future reports will build on this foundation. The aim will be to refine
further the concepts and the methods of measurement-and to distil more
practical experience from many countries. Another aim will be to do more
research and analysis on participatory development and to examine the
global dimensions of human development, looking at familiar international
issues from a human perspective.
The final message of this year's Report is one of hope. If the obstacles
to human development lie in the paucity of resources, in insuperable
technical barriers, the task would be hopeless. We know instead that it is
too often a lack of political commitment, not of resources, that is the
ultimate cause of human neglect. If we can mobilize the political base for
action-nationally and globally-the future of human development is secure.
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| World Bank
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee
Agency (MIGA) |
Multilateral
Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
was established on April 12, 1988, as the newest member organization of
the World Bank Group. Its purpose is to encourage the flow of foreign
direct investment to its developing member countries for economic
development. Its primary means of facilitating investment is through the
provision of investment guarantees against the risks of currency transfer,
expropriation, and war and civil disturbance (political risks).
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| Asian Development Bank
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http://www.adb.org/About/bankprof.asp
The Asian Development Bank, a multilateral development finance
institution, was founded in 1966 by 31 member governments to promote the
social and economic progress of the Asian and Pacific region. Over the
past 31 years, the Bank's membership has grown to 57, of which 41 are from
within the region and 16 from outside the region.
The Bank gives special attention to the needs of the smaller or
less-developed countries and priority to regional, subregional, and
national projects and programs.
The Bank's principal functions are (i) to extend loans and equity
investments for the economic and social development of its developing
member countries (DMCs); (ii) to provide technical assistance for the
preparation and execution of development projects and programs, and for
advisory services; (iii) to promote and facilitate investment of public
and private capital for development purposes; and (iv) to respond to
requests for assistance in coordinating development policies and plans of
its DMCs.
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| International Fund for
Agricultural Development - Rome, Italy |
http://www.ifad.org/
IFAD, a specialized agency of the
United Nations, was established in 1977 as an international financial
institution as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food
Conference. The Conference was organized as a response to the food crises
of the early 1970’s primarily affecting the Sahelian countries of
Africa. The Conference resolved that "an International Fund for
Agricultural Development should be established immediately to finance
agricultural development projects primarily for food production in the
developing countries". One of the most important insights
emerging from the Conference was that the causes of food insecurity and
famine were not so much failures in food production, but structural
problems relating to poverty and to the fact that the majority of the
developing world’s poor populations were concentrated in rural areas.
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| Care Programmes |
http://www.care.org/programs/economic/index.html
Economic development
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Coalition for Global Solidarity and Social
Development
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http://www.globalsolidarity.npaid.org/coalition.html
The Coalition is
promoting grass-roots participation
and involvement in the social summit and linking together groups and
organisations working from around the world in a common, global initiative to
raise understanding and awareness of the principles and aims of the summit, and
to strengthen global solidarity, cooperation, and coordination.
http://www.globalsolidarity.npaid.org/artdebt.html
Articles on debt
http://www.globalsolidarity.npaid.org/arttobtax.html
Articles on Tobin tax
http://www.globalsolidarity.npaid.org/artwto.html
Articles on WTO, IMF and the World
Bank
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| Earth Summit 1992: |
Recommendations
to the UN
People’s
Earth Declaration
Rio
de Janeiro Declaration
Treaty
for NGO cooperation and sharing of resources
11-16
Alternative Economic Issues
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| Earth Summit II, 1997 |
Recommendations for Actions and Commitments
at Earth Summit II
Non-Governmental Organization Revised Draft Background Paper
3.1: Access
to resources
3.2: Trade
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| NGO Documents for CSD
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NGO-Non
paper for Earth Summit III
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CSD NGO
Finance, Investment and Trade Caucus
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http://www.igc.org/csdngo/finance/fin_index.htm
Visit this site to find documents
on:
- NGO Position Papers
- World Trade Organisation (WTO) ministerial conference in Seattle
- NGO Background Papers
- CSD Secretariat's Finance Page
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| ATTAC
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http://www.attac.org/ang/index.html
Association for the Taxation of financial Transactions for the benefit of
Citizens.
A group linking citizens, associations, trade unions and newspapers founded
ATTAC in France in 1998 around the platform.
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Halifax Initiative Canada
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http://www.web.net/~halifax/index.htm
The Halifax Initiative is a coalition of
environment, development, social justice and faith groups deeply concerned
about the policies and practices of the international financial institutions
and committed to their fundamental reform. The Halifax Initiative has
established itself as the Canadian presence for public interest advocacy and
education on international financial institutional reform. The
coalition's work is currently focused on the issues of multilateral debt
relief, World Bank energy policy and practice and international currency
speculation.
Visit sections on:
- Drop the Debt
- Tobin Tax
- Bretton Woods Reform
- World Bank and Energy
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War on Want, UK
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http://www.waronwant.org/
War on Want is at the cutting edge of
international campaigning and practical solidarity. It helps people find
their own solutions and campaign against the root causes of poverty. In the
struggle to end exploitation and oppression War on Want is on the
front-line, challenging the powerful and helping the dispossessed fight
back.
Go to 'Campaigns' for a section on Tobin Tax
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Global Policy Forum
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http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/glotax/index.htm
Global Policy Forum monitors global
policy making at the United Nations.
This section of the website explores global
taxes and their dual role as policy instruments and as revenue sources for
international programs and institutions. Most interest in global taxes has
concentrated on two policy goals -- taxation as a means to regulate carbon
emissions into the atmosphere (Carbon Tax) and taxation to reduce currency
speculation (Tobin Tax). This page explores the different ways in which global
taxes can be implemented, the need for democratic oversight and control, the
policy shaping effects, distributive effects, and the possible use of such taxes
to fund the UN, its agencies like the World Health Organization, and other
programs for worldwide human security and development.
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