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Employment
In this section you will find information and relevant documents relating
to employment. Click on the links to go to the relevant
documents and paragraphs or download all listed documents in one TXT
FILE (246 KB) or ZIP FILE (72 KB).
International
Agreements
World Summit on Social Development, Copenhagen
1995
Copenhagen
Declaration on Social Development:
Commitment
3
Commitment
8
Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development:
Introduction, points 2 &3
Chapter I : An Enabling Environment for Social
Development
Basis for action and objectives, point 7, Section A, point 9 (a-k), Action
12f
Chapter II : Eradication
of Poverty
Basis for action and objectives, Section 23 and 25,
Action A (b), 27(a), 29(a), 34 (a, b, c), Section C (b, c, e)
Chapter
III : Expansion of Productive Employment and Reduction of Unemployment
Basis for action and objectives
Action
A point 48-50 and 51 (f, h),
Action B, point 52 (f, g)
Action C, point
54, 56,
Action D, point 57-62,
Action E, points 64(b, g) and 65
Chapter IV : Social Integration
Basis for action and objectives, points
66-70,
Action A, point 71 (a-h),
Action B, point 73 (a-k),
Action C,
point 74 (d),
Action E, point 77 (c)
Chapter V : Implementation and Follow-Up
Basis for action and objectives,
Action
A, points 83 (a, c, f, g, h)
Action C, point 91 (c),
Action D, point 98 (c)
Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development
Chapeau, points 2 and 9
Section A: point 14, 16 (h, g), 23
Commitment 1 (f),
Commitment 2 (b, c, d),
Commitment 3 (a-k),
Commitment 5 (j),
Commitment 6 (i, u),
Commitment 8 (h, p)
UN Commission on Social Development
1995
Annex, Section B. Employment, point 26-32
1996
1997 Follow-up to WSSD (a,c)
1998 Follow-up to WSSD (b)
Section B. Draft decisions (3a)
Section C. Matters brought to the attention to the Council (3, 10, 16)
1997
Section A, Draft resolution II: point 7, 14, 16
Section D. Agreed conclusions
I. points 1,2
II. points 3-7
III. points 8-14
IV. points 15-21 (a-e)
1997 summary
1998
Section B. Resolutions and decisions, points 1, 8
Part A, point 26
Part B, points 49, 50, 51, 52, 55,56
Part C, points 70, 71
1998 summary, chapter II, point 5
Copenhagen +5, Geneva 2000: Review of the
World Summit for Social Development
Chapter 3: Expansion of Productive
Employment and Reduction of Unemployment
Advance unedited version of the Comprehensive
Report on the Implementation of the Outcome of the World Summit for Social
Development Report of the Secretary-General
PART I: Overview
Introduction
Section A, points 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11,
12, 17,
Section B, points 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 30-38, 51, 57, 67
Section D,
points 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109
Agenda 21, Rio 1992
Chapter
3. Combating Poverty (Sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 3.10)
Chapter 14. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and
Rural Development, point 14.2, 14.24
Chapter 24. Global Action for Women Towards
Sustainable and Equitable Development, points 24.1, 24.3
Chapter 25. Children and Youth in Sustainable
Development, points A.25.3, 25.6, 25.9b
Chapter 29. Strengthening the Role of Workers and
Their Trade Unions, points 29.2 & 29.5
Chapter 30. Strengthening the Role of Business
and Industry, point 30.1, 30.17
Chapter 36. Promoting Education, Public Awareness
and Training, points 36.12, 36.17, 36.18, 36.22
Earth Summit II, 1997
Chapter 3. Implementation of Agenda 21 in Areas Requiring Urgent Action
Chapter
A. Integration of economic, social and environmental objectives, points
23, 24, 30
Chapter
B. Sectors and
issues
points 43 (re Energy)
point 63 (re Land and Sustainable Agriculture)
Human Rights Review
Follow-up to the World Conference on Human
Rights, New York 1998
VI. Equal status and human rights of
women, point 41
VIII. Special protection, points 60, 70, 71
3rd
World Conference on Women, Nairobi 1985
Summary:
Nairobi Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women
Fourth World Conference on Women
Platform
for Action
Chapter 1, Resolution
1, Annex II
Section II Global
Framework, points 16, 17, 19, 21, 31
IV. Strategic Objectives and Actions
A. Women and poverty
Section 52, 53, 58(b, h, i , j, k, l)
B. Education and Training of
Women
Points 75, 82, 82(d)
C. Women and Health
Strategic objective
C.2., point 107 (b)
Points 151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 160, 160, 162, 163
Strategic objective C.5.,
point 93
F. Women and the economy
Strategic objective
F.1,
point 165 (c,g,m)
Strategic objective
F.2, point 166 (a,c,e,f,g,,j)
Strategic objective
F.3, point 173, 176(e)
Strategic objective
F.5, point 178
J. Women and the media
Strategic objective
J.1. point 239
H. Institutional mechanism for the advancement of women
Strategic Objective
H.2.
point 204 (b, c, f), point 205 (c,f,g,h)
International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD), Cairo 1994
Programme of Action of the International
Conference on Population and Development
Chapter 3: Interrelationships between
Population, Sustained Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
B.
Population, sustained economic growth and poverty
Section 3.13, 3.15, 3.17, 3.29
Chapter 4 Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment
of Women,
Section A: Empowerment of Women, points 4.3 (b), 4..4 (b), 4.21,
4.26,
Section B. Programme management and human resource development, points 13.9, 13.19
Chapter 5 : The Family, its Roles, Rights, Composition and Structure
Section A, point 5.1, Section B, point 5.7 & 5.10
Chapter 9 Population Distribution, Urbanization
and Internal Migration, points 9.4, 9.10, 9.15, 9.22
Chapter 11 : Population, Development and
Education, Section A, point 11.4
Chapter 13 : National Action
Habitat II Conference, Istanbul 1996
Declaration on Human
Settlements, point 4 & 6
Preamble, points 8, 9,
21
Chapter II Goals and Principals, point 28 &29
Chapter IV Global Plan of
Action
Section
B: Adequate Shelter for All,
2. Shelter Policies, points 67
& 69
Section C. Sustainable human settlements development in an urbanizing world
C.3.
Social development: eradication of poverty, creation of productive
employment and social integration
Section 115, 116(a), 117(a), 118(a, f, i), 119(f, i), 120(e), 123(c)
C
7: Sustainable Transport and
Communication Systems, points 147
C 9:
Improving urban economics (157,158, 159)
Section E. International cooperation and
coordination,
E
4, Technology transfer and information exchange, points 205 & 206
Section
F. Implementation and follow-up of the
Habitat Agenda
UN Commissions
UN Commission on Sustainable
Development (CSD)
1995
Chapter
I, part 4, point 40; part 6, point 76, 77
Section
D, part 2, point 168
1996
Decision
4/1, point 4a
1998
Section B, Decision
6/2 part A, point 2, part B, point 8, 9, 10; part C, point 5;
Annex II, point 4, 12; part B, point 14; part C, point 28,
31, 55
1999
Decision
7/3 (3i, 5a); Annex, general considerations, point 3, 10
UN Commission on the Status of Women 1996 (40th
Session)
Report on the 40th session
Agreed conclusions 1996/2
E.
Women and global communications
- Section D. Adapting the legal system (12c, 12e),
- Section E. Adopting and promoting a family
support policy and encouraging reconciliation of family
and professional life for women
and men (14, 15),
- Section F Resolution 40/6, points 9 (d,e),
- Annex, II Specific Comments, Section F. Women and
the Economy, 36
- Chapter II Follow-up
Implementation of strategic objectives and actions in the critical areas of
concern: Poverty, 62 (4e, 4f. 4g),
UN Conventions
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women: CEDAW, article 11
International Bill of Human Rights
Universal
Declaration of Human Rights
Article 23 and 25III,
Preamble, part III article 66, 7 (c), 10
UN
Agencies & Intergovernmental Bodies reports
Human Development Report 1996 |
http://www.undp.org/hdro/96.htm
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The Report argues that economic growth, if
not properly managed, can be jobless, voiceless, ruthless, rootless and
futureless, and thus detrimental to human development. The quality of
growth is therefore as important as its quantity¾ for poverty reduction,
human development and sustainability.
The Report concludes that the links between
economic growth and human development must be deliberately forged and
regularly fortified by skillful and intelligent policy management. It
identifies employment as critical for translating the benefits of economic
growth into the lives of people. But for this to happen, new patterns of
growth will need to be developed and sustained well into the 21st
century¾ and new mechanisms must be developed to integrate the weak and
the vulnerable into the expanding global economy.
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The UN-business Global Compact in action
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http://www.iccwbo.org/home/menu_global_compact.asp
The last year of the 20th century has seen a constructive new relationship
develop between the United Nations and business, with each side recognizing that
their respective goals are mutually supporting.
Peace, development, the rule of law and harmonious and constructive relations
between nations are fundamental goals of the United Nations. Achievement of
these goals enables business to expand and prosper.
By creating wealth and jobs, by stimulating scientific and technical
progress, and by constantly improving products under the stimulus of
competition, companies help to defeat poverty and improve the quality of life.
And poverty is the enemy of the humanitarian values espoused by the UN.
These complementary goals led the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, to
propose a Global Compact between the UN and business to uphold a set of core
values in the areas of human rights, labour standards and environmental
practice.
Visit for a list of corporate examples.
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The Global Compact
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http://www.unglobalcompact.org
At the World Economic Forum in Davos, UN
Secretary-General Kofi A. Annan challenged world business leaders to
"embrace and enact" the Global Compact, both in their individual
corporate practices and by supporting appropriate public policies. These
principles cover topics in human rights, labour and environment.
Visit this site to get an overview of these principles, a section on how to
transform these principles into management practices, a section on partners and
initiatives and more.
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UNCTAD |
http://www.unctad.org/
UNCTAD is the focal point within the United Nations system for the integrated
treatment of development and interrelated issues in the areas of trade, finance,
technology, investment, and sustainable development.
Main goals are to maximize the trade, investment and development
opportunities of developing countries, and to help them face challenges arising
from globalization and integrate into the world economy, on an equitable basis.
UNCTAD pursues its goals through research and policy analysis,
intergovernmental deliberations, technical cooperation, and interaction with
civil society and the business sector.
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NGO Copenhagen Alternative Declaration
March 1995
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http://www.traverse.com/nonprof/center/synapse31/wssdalt.html
This Declaration builds upon efforts
emanating from the NGO Development Caucus during the Social Summit preparatory
meetings, the Oslo Fjord Declaration, and other national and international
citizens' initiatives.
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NGO Documents for the Earth Summit, 1992
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Treaty 17. Treaty on Consumption and
Lifestyle, points 21 and 31
Treaty
18. Poverty Treaty,
points 13 and 17
Treaty
46. Treaty on Urbanization, point 26
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NGO Documents for CSD 1999 |
Gender & Tourism. Women's Employment and Participation, report
submitted to CSD-7 by UNED-UK
Summary at http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/current/gendertourismrep.html
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The Panos Institute |
http://www.panos.org.uk/
Panos Briefing No 33, May 1999
GLOBALISATION AND EMPLOYMENT
New opportunities, real threats
1. The differing impacts of globalisation
2. Job creation, job destruction
3. Easy come, easy go?
4. Race to the bottom?
5. The Feminisation of Employment
6. Maximising benefits, minimising risks
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UNA-USA Business Council for the UN
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http://www.unausa.org/bcun/index.htm
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Worker Rights in the Global Economy
1999 - 2000
UNA-USA Global Policy Project
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http://www.unausa.org/links/gpp99link.htm
In the interest of promoting substantive discussion, UNA-USA is pleased to
provide a broad reference list of groups offering a range of perspectives on the
issue of worker "rights" and the impact of globalization on labor.
Though not comprehensive, this list represents many of the well-known
organizations working variously on questions of labor, commerce, trade,
economic, or legal policy. Many of the descriptions are taken directly or
paraphrased from the organizations' own web sites.
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European Business Network for Social
Cohesion |
http://195.74.198.21/ebnsc/default1.htm
EBNSC (European Business Network for Social Cohesion) is a non-profit
organisation that tries to stimulate governments and multinationals in Europe to
employ, train & educate long-term unemployed & socially excluded people.
EBNSC helps companies to share knowledge and experience. It is a
business-driven membership network whose mission is to encourage and help
companies to prosper in ways that stimulate job growth, increase employability
and prevent social exclusion; thereby contributing to a sustainable economy and
a more just society. EBNSC, in partnership with the European Commission,
provides a bridge between business, national governments and European policy
makers, creating a greater understanding of their respective roles. Through
EBNSC, member companies now have the opportunity to define the European
Corporate Social Responsibility agenda
Visit the site's Resource Centre at http://www.ebnsc.org/resource.htm
and learn about best practices of corporate social responsibility in Europe,
including 500 business case studies addressing many different CSR issue areas
and a list of universities with courses in this subject.
Links and Publications on CSR and information on European Social Policies.
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Religious
Communities
Business
& Industry
International Chamber of Commerce
ICC
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http://www.iccwbo.org/
ICC is the world business organization, the representative body that
speaks with authority on behalf of enterprises from all sectors in every part of
the world.
ICC promotes an open international trade and investment system and the market
economy. Its conviction that trade is a powerful force for peace and prosperity
dates from the organization's origins early in the century. The small group of
far-sighted business leaders who founded ICC called themselves "the
merchants of peace".
Because its member companies and associations are themselves engaged in
international business, ICC has the authority in making rules that govern
the conduct of business across borders. Although these rules are voluntary, they
are observed in transactions every day and have become
part of the fabric of international trade.
Within a year of the creation of the United Nations, ICC was granted
consultative status at the highest level with the UN and its specialized
agencies.
ICC was founded in 1919. Today it groups thousands of member companies and
associations from over 130 countries. National committees in the world's major
capitals coordinate with their membership to address the concerns of the
business community and to convey to their governments the business views
formulated by ICC.
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ICC in cooperation with the
UN |
http://www.iccwbo.org/home/icc_and_united_nations/working_with_un.asp
Working with the UN
Current joint projects with the UN and its agencies
The UN and ICC are engaged in a series of initiatives that give substance to
Kofi Annan’s "global compact" and these are only a beginning. Some
have been in place for several years and continue to produce results. Others are
more recent.Here are some items. Technical though many of them are, all
contribute to the objectives set at the New York meeting of ICC and UN leaders:
Agriculture
Energy Environment
Health Intellectual Property
Investment
Telecommunications
Trade
Transport
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The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
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http://www.wbcsd.ch/
The World Business
Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) is a
coalition of 120 international companies committed to sustainable development.
Members are drawn from 30 countries and more than 20 major industrial sectors.
Information on the WBCSD's Corporate Social Responsibility Stakeholder
Dialogue, The Netherlands, 6 - 8 September, 1998
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WBCSD in collaboration with United Nations
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http://www.wbcsd.ch/UNbusiness/unwbcsd.htm#current
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International Aid and Trade
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http://www.aidandtrade.com/
Conference & Exhibition in New York 31 May - 1 June 2000
Every year in New York City, International Aid & Trade brings together
heads of UN agencies, government and NGO representatives, and major
international CEOs to strengthen the partnership between the United Nations and
the private sector. This event allows UN and business executives
to review their joint projects on an annual basis, define future directions, and
draw lessons from their collaboration. Corporations showcase their goods and
services to the community of UN and World Bank procurement officers and find out
about upcoming contracts and trends.
International Aid & Trade 2000 is a unique event. It will be the first
time that heads of UN agencies, CEOs, and representatives from governments and
NGOs come together under one roof in New York City to strengthen their
partnership around the world. Corporations will display their equipment and
expertise. Procurement officers from the UN and the World Bank will visit the
exhibition and explain their bidding procedures at a special workshop. UN
officials will explain why the United Nations must work with business in the
next century to reduce poverty, safeguard the environment, and maintain an open
economy that benefits all countries. UN and business representatives will sit at
the same table to develop concrete projects in a country recovering from
conflict.
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The Copenhagen Center |
http://www.copenhagencentre.com/
The Copenhagen Centre – New Partnership for Social
Responsibility was established to stimulate the creation of
partnerships between the public and private sectors with the purpose of
promoting social cohesion and fighting social exclusion. Its primary
geographic scope is Europe, but the Centre believes in sharing experience with
any governmental or non-governmental organisation or private enterprise, which
combat social exclusion.
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Business for Social Responsibility
(BSR) |
http://www.bsr.org/
BSR's mission is to help its member
companies achieve long-term commercial success by implementing policies and
practices that honor high ethical standards and meet their responsibilities to
all who are impacted by their decisions.
Sections on BSR Education Funds:
Business and Human Rights Programme
Community Economic Development
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Global Business Responsibility Resource Center |
http://www.bsr.org/resourcecenter/
The Resource Center provides
businesses with the information they need to understand and implement more
responsible policies and practices, and promotes increased knowledge and
collaboration among companies and between business and other sectors. It aims at
helping companies achieve sustained commercial success in ways that honor high
ethical standards and benefit people, communities, and the environment.
The Global Business Responsibility Resource Center is a
resource covering the full spectrum of corporate social responsibility issues.
At the heart of the Center is a growing collection of topic overviews providing
basic information, company examples, and links to helping resources. The website
is the Center's primary vehicle for disseminating this information. Over time,
the Center will develop a comprehensive set of strategic tools and trainings,
and engage in consultations.
Topics include
 | Corporate Social Responsibility |
 | Business Ethics |
 | Community Involvement |
 | Community Economic Development |
 | Environment |
 | Governance |
 | Human Rights |
 | Marketplace |
 | Mission, Vision, Values |
 | Social Audits and Accountability |
 | Workplace |
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Trade
Unions
European Trade
Union Confederation - ETUC |
http://www.etuc.org
The ETUC seeks to influence the European Union by making direct
representations to the various institutions (Commission, Parliament,
Council), and by ensuring trade union participation in numerous advisory
bodies The European Works Councils Directive on information and
consultation rights is among the most recent results of ETUC action. At
the same time, the ETUC seeks to establish industrial relations with the
employers at a European level through the ‘social dialogue’. This is
mirrored by sectoral social dialogues under the responsibility of the
European Industry Federations.
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International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
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http://www.icftu.org/english/equality
 | equality |
 | jobs and justice |
Trade, Labour Standards, Development, Employment,
Health and Safety, Environment, Structural Adjustment,
Research
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World
Confederation of Labor (WCL) |
http://www.cmt-wcl.org/en/index.html
The World Confederation of Labour (WCL) is an international trade
union confederation uniting autonomous and democratic trade unions from
113 countries all over the world . Its head office is located in Brussels,
Belgium, and it has over 26 million members, mainly from Third
World countries. The past three years have been marked by the affiliation
of mostly African and Central and Eastern European organisations. The
latest Congress took place in Bangkok, Thailand (Asia), from 1st to the
6th of December 1997 under the theme of "Struggle to change
course".
WCL has become a workers’ organisation that draws its inspiration from
humanist, ethical and moral values and protects the interests of the
workers, women and men alike, throughout the world. The WCL has also
adopted an independent attitude towards governments, political parties,
power blocs, religions and churches.
http://www.cmt-wcl.org/en/normcamp.html#child
Human Right and International Labour Standards Department
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World
Directory of Trade Unions |
http://www.cf.ac.uk/ccin/union/links.html
there are over 1500 links to
international union organisations, national unions, locals and union
resource sites in every continent.
Visit this site for more information on:
- Trade Union Resources on the Web
- Labour Movement News
- Schedule of
Conferences, etc.
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Trade
Union Advisory Committee - OECD |
www.tuac.org
The Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC) to
the OECD is an interface for labour unions with the OECD.
It is an international trade union organisation which has
consultative status with the OECD and its various committees. TUAC's
role is now one of ensuring that global markets are balanced by an
effective social dimension. Through regular consultations with various
OECD committees, the secretariat, and member governments TUAC coordinates
and represents the views of the trade union movement in the industrialized
countries. It is also responsible for coordinating the trade union input
to the annual G7 economic summits and employment conferences.
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Research,
Education
Institute for Employment
Research |
http://www.warwick.ac.uk/ier/
The Institute for Employment Research is one of Europe's
leading centres for research in the labour market field. Its work focuses
upon the operation of labour markets and socio-economic processes related
to employment and unemployment in the UK at national, regional and local
levels. It includes comparative European research on employment and
training.
The Institute offers a multi-disciplinary environment
for research. Research methods include both quantitative and qualitative
analytical techniques based upon primary or secondary data sources.
The Institute has excellent access to the wide range of
survey data sources available in the UK and Europe. Econometric analysis
of large datasets, survey-based sociological research, and studies using
in-depth interviews are regularly employed.
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Business Ethics Resources on the WWW
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http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/resources
Here you find some lists of WWW sites which may be
of interest to
people doing research in the various branches of applied ethics. Note that these
lists are not limited to sites about applied ethics.
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Governments
UK Government's Social
Exclusion Unit |
http://www.dfee.gov.uk/jfa.pdf
The latest in the series of policy reports
from the UK Government's Social Exclusion Unit has been released. Entitled
'Jobs for All', the report for Policy Action Team 1 addresses issues
around employment and social exclusion. The report also includes an
examination of the role transport and access to jobs plays in the equation
and it makes a series of policy recommendation.
However, it is 186 pages long and takes
several minutes to download and half a forest to print. For an abridged
version of the report see http://www.art.man.ac.uk/transres/pat1.htm.
This details only the part of the report on
mobility and access to jobs.
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Descriptions have been taken and
adapted from the web-sites linked to.
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