Sustainable tourism is
“tourism which leads to management of all resources in such a way
that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while
maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological
diversity and life support systems.” World Tourism Organisation 1996
This
paper presents a background to some of the most pressing global and
regional impacts issues around tourism and travel. It outlines some strategies to try
make the industry more sustainable.
Sustainable
Tourism: Turning the Tide - Pdf format.
Sustainable
Tourism: Turning the Tide - Rich text format.
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Click for
links on the following
Issues
Organisations
ISSUES
Agenda
21
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Agenda
21 for the Travel & Tourism Industry: Towards Environmentally
Sustainable Development (1996) World
Travel and Tourism Council, World Tourism Organization and the Earth
Council.
http://www.wttc.org/stratdev/agenda21.asp
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Chairman’s
summary of the dialogue segment on tourism and sustainable development
at CSD7. ECOSOC (1999) www.un.org/esa/sustdev/tsout.htm
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Discussion
paper contributed by the World Travel and Tourism Council and the
International Hotel and Restaurant Association “The Global
Importance of Tourism”. Multi-Stakeholder dialogue on tourism and
sustainable development. CSD 7 Background Paper no 1. ECOSOC (1999) www.un.org/esa/sustdev/wttc.pdf
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Discussion
paper contributed by the ICFTU & TUAC. “Workers and Trade Unions
in the Web of Tourism”. Multi-Stakeholder
dialogue on tourism and sustainable development. CSD 7 Background
Paper no 2. ECOSOC (1999) www.un.org/esa/sustdev/icftu2.pdf
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Discussion
paper contributed by the ICLEI. Multi-Stakeholder dialogue on tourism
and sustainable development. CSD 7 Background Paper no 3. ECOSOC
(1999) http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/iclei.pdf
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Discussion
paper contributed by the UNCSD NGO Steering Committee. “Sustainable
Tourism: A Non-Governmental Organisation Perspective”.
Multi-Stakeholder dialogue on tourism and sustainable development. CSD
7 Background Paper no 4. ECOSOC (1999) http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/ngo4.pdf
Agreements
at international meetings
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Decision
of General Assembly and CSD United Nations Commission on Sustainable
Development 7th session New York, 19-30 April 1999 Decision 7/3.
Tourism and sustainable development http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/tour2.htm#dec
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Quebec
declaration (not a negotiated text) http://www.world-tourism.org/sustainable/ecotourism2002/eng.pdf
of the
World Ecotourism Summit - May 2002 http://www.ecotourisme2002.org
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UN
Convention on Biological Diversity
http://www.biodiv.org.
Biodiversity and tourism page http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socio-eco/tourism/default.asp
and international guidelines for sustainable tourism http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socio-eco/tourism/guidelines.asp
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UN
CBD international guidelines for sustainable tourism http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socio-eco/tourism/guidelines.asp
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UNEP-BPSP
THEMATIC STUDIES - Integration of Biodiversity into National Tourism
Sectors
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http://www.unep.org/bpsp/HTML%20Files/TS-Tourism.html
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Association
of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Tourism http://www.aseansec.org/economic/eco-tou.htm
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GPA
News Forum - Access to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
and International Ocean Institute discussion forum on public private
partnerships in sewage management Website: gpanews.unep.org
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Marine
Ecotourism for the Atlantic Area. Planning for marine ecotourism in
the EU Atlantic Area: Good Practice Guidance. http://www.tourism-research.org/METAhome.html
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UNEP
Mediterranean Action Plan http://www.unepmap.org
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UNEP
Caribbean Action Programme – sustainable tourism initiatives http://www.cep.unep.org/issues/tourism.htm
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Ecotourism
(miscellaneous)
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Conservation
International (CI) - applies science, economics, policy and community
participation to protect the Earth's richest regions of plant and
animal diversity in the hotspots, major tropical wilderness areas and
key marine ecosystems. With headquarters in Washington, D.C., CI works
in more than 30 countries on four continents. www.ecotour.org
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The
Ecotourism Portal http://www.ecotourism.cc/
and Eco Tourism ring http://ecotourism.cc/ring.html
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Green
Travel http://www.green-travel.com/
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The
International Ecotourism Society (TIES) – “working to make
eco-tourism a genuine tool for conservation and sustainable
development” www.ecotourism.org
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INDECON
(Indonesian Ecotourism Network) http://indecon.i2.co.id/
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International
Year of Ecotourism Online Forum - Register by visiting the IYE Forum http://groups.yahoo.co,/group/iye2002
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Journal
of Sustainable Tourism http://www.greenglobe21.com/econett/journal/jrnl0018.htm
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Our
Planet, magazine of UNEP Vol 13, Number 1. 2002
Mountains and Ecotourism
www.ourplanet.com.
Mountains and Ecostourism edition http://www.ourplanet.com/imgversn/131/content.html
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Pleumarom,
A (2001) ‘Do we need the International Year of
EcoTourism?’, Third World Network http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/iye1.htm
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Sustainable
development of Eco-tourism Web Conference. 1-26 April 2002.
Organised by UNEP and
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Third
World Network (2001). ‘Thailand’s
Case’ (ecotourism implicated in environmental destruction)
http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/iye7.htm
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World
Tourism Organisation http://www.world-tourism.org/sustainable/2002ecotourism/eng.htm
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UNEP
(2001) UNEP Manual for the International Year of Ecotourism.
Geneva:UNEP http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/documents/ecotourism/manual.pdf
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Code
of Conduct: A tool to protect children from sexual exploitation in
tourism (1996) http://www.xs4all.nl/~ecpat/Code%20of%20Conduct.doc
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Global
Code of ethics – NGO proposal (1999) http://www.ecen.org/tourngo.htm
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Influencing
Consumer Behaviour Towards Sustainable Tourism - by the Ecumenical
Coalition on Third World Tourism http://www.ecen.org/tourbhav.htm
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Pacific
Asia Tourism Association (PATA) “Travellers code: Sustaining
Indigenous Cultures” http://www.pata.org/frame3.cfm?pageid=55
and “Code for
Sustainable Tourism” http://www.pata.org/oecpage.cfm?pageid=3
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UNEP
Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism (2000)
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http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/policy/principles.htm
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WTTC’s
Green Globe Certification for the Travel and Tourism Sector http://www.wttc.org
and further certification info www.sgsgroup.com/ics
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The
World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) statistics and publications http://www.wttc.org
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Gender
and Tourism – Women’s Employment and Participation in Tourism
Editor: Minu Hemmati (with Gender and Tourism team) Stakeholder Forum.
Report for UN Commission on Sustainable Development 7th Session.
April 1999. http://www.uned-uk.org/toolkits/women/current/gendertourismrep.htm
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ECPAT
International (End Child Prostitution and Trafficking in Children for
Sexual Purposes) http://www.ecpat.net
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End
Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT), including groups in
Europe and the Pacific www.ecpat.net
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Globalisation
and policies towards cultural diversity. Indiginous communities and
biodiversity
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Blench,
R. / Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 2001
http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/70.pdf
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ICFTU’s
info on Child labour http://www.icftu.org/focus.asp?Issue=childlabour&Language=EN
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Rethinking
Tourism http://www.rethinkingtourism.org
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Tourism
Concern http://www.tourismconcern.org.uk
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Stakeholder
Toolkit for Women and NGOs: http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/index.htm
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Gender
and Tourism – Women’s Employment and Participation in Tourism
Editor: Minu Hemmati (with Gender and Tourism team) Stakeholder Forum.
Report for UN Commission on Sustainable Development 7th Session.
April 1999. http://www.uned-uk.org/toolkits/women/current/gendertourismrep.htm
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Blue
Flag award - widely recognised by the public as a sign that the beach
is clean. The Programme assesses the environmental standards of
individual beaches in Europe. It measures concentrations of pollutants
on beaches and marinas. http://www.blueflag.com
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British
Airways – Tourism for Tomorrow Awards (since 1992) http://www.britishairways.com/tourism/
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CERT
(Centre for Environmentally Responsible Tourism) http://www.c-e-r-t.org
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Compilation
of good practices in sustainable tourism http://www.world-tourism.org/cgi-bin/infoshop.storefront/EN/product/1214-1
- Green
Globe – an environmental management programme for the Travel and
Tourism industry based upon
Agenda 21 principles http://www.wttc.org and http:// www.greenglobe21.com )
- Green Leaf –
Developed by Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) http://www.pata.org
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Sustainable
Tourism Stewardship Council (STSC) web pages, in Rainforest Alliance
Website. (www.rainforest-alliance.org/programs/sv/stsc.html)
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Tour
Operators' Initiative for Sustainable Tourism Development. http://www.toinitiative.org
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UN
CBD international guidelines for sustainable tourism http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socio-eco/tourism/guidelines.asp
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WTTC’s
Green Globe Certification for the Travel and Tourism Sector http://www.wttc.org
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World
Tourism Organisation’s Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (1999) http://www.world-tourism.org/frameset/frame_project_ethics.html
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2002
UN International Year of Mountains. Food and Agriculture Organisation
of the United Nations (FAO) – lead UN agency for International Year
of Mountains. http://www.mountains2002.org
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Alpine
Convention, adopted in 1991, brought together all alpine countries to
work together on mountain development and protection. http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/eurco91a.htm
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High
Summit Videoconference: Discussion of mountain ecology, culture and
future developments. http://www.highsummit.org
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International
Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) http://www.icimod.org
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Mountain
Voices, Oral Testimony Programme of the
Panos Institute. http://www.mountainvoices.org
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Mountain
Forum – a global network of experts working for the Global Mountain
Summit – 29 Oct-2Nov 2002 at Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. http://www.mntforum.org
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UNEP
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC): Co-ordinating an
assessment of the ecological condition of mountain systems, to be
known as Mountain Watch (GEF project) http://www.unep-wcmc.org
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WWF
Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative – a partnership of over 50
organisations promoting the Capathian Biodiversity Network of mountain
protected areas, and strengthening the participation of local
communities, private sector and NGOs. http://www.carpathians.org
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Networks
and ICT
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EMPOST
or the “Emerging Paradigm of Sustainable Tourism: A Network
Perspective” http://www.web.ndirect.co.uk/empostnet/
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Boniface,
P (2000) Information Technology, Tourism and Biodiversity: in Society,
and in Relationship. draft version. Global Information Society
International Research Programme. http://egis.cefe.cnrs-mop.fr/Tourism%20Frontpages/Boniface%20article.htm
Participation
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Practical
strategies for pro-poor tourism - a collaborative research project of
ODI, IIED and CRT www.propoortourism.org.uk
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Pro-Poor
Tourism strategies: making tourism work for the poor: a review of
experience. Pro-Poor Tourism goes well beyond community tourism
Ashley, C.; Roe, D.; Goodwin, H. / Pro-Poor Tourism, 2001 http://www.propoortourism.org.uk/ppt_report.pdf
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Pro-Poor
Tourism: Harnessing the World’s Largest Industry for the World’s
Poor
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Dilys
Roe and Penny Urquhart Khanya. International Institute for Environment
and Development (IIED) (2001) http://www.iied.org/pdf/wssd_11_tourism_long.pdf
Resource
protection and management
(waste minimisation, recycling, energy conservation, water etc)
- GREEN
GLOBE publications on developing environmental management systems and
environmental improvements in the areas of waste, energy and water
management. http://www.greenglobe21.com
- Tourism
and Protected Areas task force of the World Commission on Protected
Areas http://wcpa.iucn.org/theme/tourism/tourism.html
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Small
Island Developing States (SIDS)
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The
Impact of Travel & Tourism on Jobs and the Economy – 2002. World
Travel & Tourism Council www.wttc.org
)
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A
practical guide for the development and application of indicators of
sustainable tourism: What Tourism Managers Need to Know http://www.world-tourism.org/cgi-bin/infoshop.storefront/EN/product/1020-1
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UNEP
GEO2 Overview Global Environmental Outlook 2000 http://www.unep.org/geo2000
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UNEP
GEO3 Global Environment Outlook 3. Past, present and future
perspectives (2002) http://www.unep.org/geo/geo3
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Tour
Operators Initiative and Global reporting Initative Reporting
guidelines http://www.toinitiative.org/reporting/reporting.htm
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World
Travel and Tourism Council industry statistics http://www.wttc.org
Training,
education and public awareness
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GREEN
GLOBE travel and tourism videos. http://www.greenglobe21.com
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International
Ecotourism Society operates training programmes for operators in
ecotourism sector. http://www.ecotourism.org
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Tourism
Concern http://www.tourismconcern.org
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US
National Wildlife Federation: produces materials to help teachers of
outdoor ethics develop skills to transfer their knowledge to
individual visitors. Mainly text-based publications including Teaching
and Evaluating Outdoor Ethics Education Programmes http://www.nwf.org
Transport
and Sustainable Tourism
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The
Transport, Communications, Tourism, and Infrastructure Division (TCTIDD)
of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific http://www.unescap.org/tctd/to/index.htm
- Sustainable
Tourism Network, Nepal http://www.stn.info.com.np/
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Last
up-dated August 2001
If
you would like your link included here, please send a request to rgardiner@earthsummit2002.org
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